问题：
【名词解释】clear [l] and dark [ ɫ ]
答案：
The phoneme /l/ is pronounced in slightly different ways in different phonetic environments. Clear [l] occurs before a vowel as the [l] in [li:f], and no diacritic is needed to indicate it. Dark [ ɫ ] occurs at the end of a word or before another consonant as the [ ɫ ] in [fi: [ ɫ ] or [bi ɫ d ]. In narrow transcription the diacritic tilde [~] is used to indicate it. /l/ → [l] / ______ V [ ɫ ] / V____